in dubio pro reo

Latin maxim. • “where a particular word or phrase is ambiguous in itself or is equally susceptible of various meanings, its correct construction may be made clear and specific by considering the company of words in which it is founded or with which it is associated” (Chavez v. JBC, En Banc, G.R. No. 202242, July…

• “false in one thing, false in everything” (Frondarina v. Malazarte, G.R. No. 148423, December 6, 2006) NB: 1) Falsus in uno, falsus in omnibus has been abandoned and is no longer applicable nor can be made use of in a case. 2) The principle FALSUS IN UNO FALSUS IN OMNIBUS is not strictly applied…

Latin maxim. • “A waiver of rights is not presumed.” (ACD Investigation Security Agency, Inc. v. Daquera, G.R. No. 147473, March 30, 2004, cited in Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation v. Bithao, G.R. No. 162240, August 29, 2006)

Latin maxim • “when the reason of the law ceases, the law itself ceases.” (Commendador v. De Villa, En Banc, G.R. No. 93177, August 2, 1991) • “when the reason for a law ceases, the law itself ceases” OxfordReference.com • related to ratio legis est anima: the reason of law is its soul.

Latin maxim. • “The expression of one thing is the exclusion of another.” (San Miguel Corporation Employees Union-Phil. Transport and General Workers Org. v. San Miguel Packaging Products Employees Union-Pambansang Diwa ng Manggagawang Pilipino, G.R. No. 171153, September 12, 2007, 533 SCRA 125, 152). • “the express mention of one person, thing, act, or consequence…

Latin maxim. • “what has been delegated, cannot be delegated” (Rodrigo, Jr. v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 125498, July 2, 1999)