in dubio pro reo

Latin maxim. • “an agreement contrary to law or morals can give rise to no right of action in any party to it, either for the enforcement of it, or for the recovery of property parted with in pursuance of it.” (People v. Manansala, En Banc, November 18, 1933 [Per J. Abad Santos, En Banc,…

• “the law looks forward not backward” (Co v. CA, En Banc, G.R. No. 100776, October 28, 1993, citing Development Bank of the Philippines v. Court of Appeals, et al, G.R. No 97998, Jan. 27, 1992)

Latin maxim. • “No one is bound to accuse himself.” (Google Translate; See Villaflor v. Summers, En Banc, G.R. No. 16444, September 8, 1920) • refers to the “right against self-incrimination” (People v. Duero, En Banc, G.R. No. L-52016 May 13, 1981)

Latin maxim. • “Nobody can give what he does not possess.” (Heirs of Hermosilla v. Sps. Remoquillo, G.R. No. 167320, January 30, 2007) • “one cannot give what one does not have” (Magoyag v. Maruhom, G.R. No. 179743, August 2, 2010) • “No one can give more than what he has.” (Felix Gohan and Sons…

Latin maxim. • “things done between strangers ought not to injure those who are not parties to them” (People v. Tena, G.R. No. 100909, October 21, 1992) • “A third party may not be prejudiced by the act, declaration or omission of another.” (People v. Ciobal, G.R. No. 86220, April 20, 1990) • related to…

Latin maxim. • “parties to a treaty to keep their agreement therein in good faith” (Secretary of Justice v. Lantion, En Banc, G.R. No. 139465, January 18, 2000)